Hugo 是用 Go 编写的静态网站生成器。它把 Markdown 内容和模板编译成静态文件，安装后只需要一个二进制文件就能在本地预览和构建网站。
安装#
macOS#
# 使用 Homebrew
brew install hugo
# 使用 MacPorts
sudo port install hugo
Windows#
# 使用 Chocolatey
choco install hugo
# 使用 Scoop
scoop install hugo
Linux#
# Ubuntu/Debian
sudo apt install hugo
# Arch Linux
sudo pacman -S hugo
# 或从 GitHub releases 下载二进制文件
Creating Your First Site#
1. Create a New Site#
hugo new site my-awesome-blog
cd my-awesome-blog
2. Add a Theme#
# Initialize git repository
git init
# Add a theme as submodule
git submodule add https://github.com/theNewDynamic/gohugo-theme-ananke.git themes/ananke
# Add theme to config
echo "theme = 'ananke'" >> hugo.toml
3. Create Your First Post#
hugo new posts/my-first-post.md
4. Start the Development Server#
hugo server -D
Your site will be available at http://localhost:1313
Hugo Directory Structure#
my-site/
├── archetypes/ # Content templates
├── assets/ # Global assets (SCSS, JS, images)
├── content/ # Your content files
├── data/ # Data files (JSON, YAML, TOML)
├── layouts/ # Template files
├── static/ # Static files (images, CSS, JS)
├── themes/ # Themes directory
├── hugo.toml # Configuration file
└── public/ # Generated site (after hugo build)
Content Management#
Front Matter#
Every content file starts with front matter containing metadata:
---
title: "My Post Title"
date: 2025-01-01T12:00:00+08:00
draft: false
description: "Post description"
categories: ["Category"]
tags: ["tag1", "tag2"]
---
Content Organization#
content/
├── _index.md # Homepage content
├── about.md # About page
├── posts/ # Blog posts
│ ├── _index.md # Posts section page
│ ├── post-1.md
│ └── post-2.md
└── projects/ # Projects section
├── _index.md
└── project-1.md
Configuration#
Hugo uses hugo.toml (or hugo.yaml/hugo.json) for configuration:
baseURL = 'https://example.com'
languageCode = 'en-us'
title = 'My Awesome Blog'
theme = 'ananke'
[params]
author = 'Your Name'
description = 'My awesome blog description'
[menu]
[[menu.main]]
name = 'Home'
url = '/'
weight = 10
[[menu.main]]
name = 'Posts'
url = '/posts/'
weight = 20
Building and Deployment#
Build for Production#
hugo
This generates the static site in the public/ directory.
Deployment Options#
- GitHub Pages: Free hosting for static sites
- Netlify: Continuous deployment from Git
- Vercel: Fast global CDN
- AWS S3: Scalable cloud storage
- Traditional Web Hosting: Upload to any web server
写作和发布时记住几件事#
先用简单主题把内容跑通，再按需要修改模板。文章放在 content/，用 front matter 管理标题、日期和标签；改完后先运行 hugo server，确认页面和资源路径正常，再执行生产构建。图片、shortcode 和主题升级需要分别验证。